新・アラビア半島定点観測 前田高行責任編集

(注)本稿は「マイ・ライブラリー」で一括してご覧いただけます。
http://mylibrary.maeda1.jp/0436MenaRank10.pdf

（MENAなんでもランキング・シリーズ　その１０）

　中東北アフリカ諸国は英語のMiddle East & North Africaの頭文字をとってMENAと呼ばれています。MENA各国をいろいろなデータで比較しようと言うのがこの「MENAなんでもランキング・シリーズ」です。「MENA」は日頃なじみの薄い言葉ですが、国ごとの比較を通してその実態を理解していただければ幸いです。なおMENAの対象国は文献によって多少異なりますが、本シリーズでは下記の１９の国と１機関（パレスチナ）を取り扱います。（アルファベット順）

　アルジェリア、バハレーン、エジプト、イラン、イラク、イスラエル、ヨルダン、クウェイト、レバノン、リビア、モロッコ、オマーン、パレスチナ自治政府、カタール、サウジアラビア、シリア、チュニジア、　トルコ、UAE（アラブ首長国連邦）、イエメン、

　これら１９カ国・１機関をおおまかに分類すると、宗教的にはイスラエル（ユダヤ教）を除き、他は全てイスラム教国家でありOIC（イスラム諸国会議機構）加盟国です。なおその中でイラン、イラクはシーア派が政権政党ですが、その他の多くはスンニ派の政権国家です。また民族的にはイスラエル（ユダヤ人）、イラン（ペルシャ人）、トルコ（トルコ人）以外の国々はアラブ人の国家であり、それらの国々はアラブ連盟(Arab League)に加盟しています。つまりMENAはイスラム教スンニ派でアラブ民族の国家が多数を占める国家群と言えます。

　第１０回のランキングは、財務省ホームページの貿易統計により２０１７年の各国と日本の輸出入を比較しました。

＊財務省ホームページ：http://www.customs.go.jp/toukei/info/tsdl.htm　

１．総論：２０１７年の日本の貿易額

(日本全体の貿易収支は２年連続の黒字)

（１）全世界、MENA、GCCとの輸出入および貿易バランス

(表http://menarank.maeda1.jp/10-T01.pdf　参照)

　２０１７年の日本の輸出額は７８兆円、輸入は７５兆円で輸出入合計（以下貿易）額は１５４兆円に達した。輸出入のバランスは３兆円の貿易黒字であり、２０１６年に続き２年連続で貿易収支は黒字になった。

　ＭＥＮＡと日本の貿易額は輸出２．９兆円、輸入８．４兆円で差し引き５．６兆円の大幅赤字である。日本の輸出全体に占めるＭＥＮＡ向け輸出は３．６％であるのに対し、輸入は全体の１１．２％を占めている。日本とＭＥＮAの貿易は日本の大幅な輸入超過であり、日本全体では貿易黒字であるのと対照的である。これは言うまでもなく日本がＭＥＮＡ地域から大量の石油及びガスを輸入していることにある。特にＭＥＮＡの主要貿易相手国であるＧＣＣは輸出１．９兆円に対して輸入は７．６兆円、貿易赤字が５．７兆円となっており、MENA２０カ国の貿易赤字はそのままGCC６カ国の貿易赤字ということになる。

（２）GCC, MENA、中国および米国との輸出入

(図http://menarank.maeda1.jp/10-G01.pdf　参照)

　ＭＥＮＡ及びＧＣＣの貿易額を中国及び米国と比較すると、中国の貿易額は３３兆円、米国は２３兆円である。ＭＥＮＡの貿易額１１．３兆円は米国の半分、中国の３分の１である。しかしその内訳をみるとＭＥＮＡは輸入と輸出の比率がほぼ２対１であり貿易バランスは５．６兆円の赤字である。中国も貿易赤字はGCCより少し少ない３．６兆円であるが、輸入と輸出の比率は１０対８であり、輸出入のバランスはMENAのほうがはるかに悪い。米国の場合は輸出１５．１兆円、輸入８．１兆円であり、ＭＥＮＡあるいは中国とは逆に７兆円の貿易黒字である。

(続く)

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Home Page: OCIN INITIATIVE

(Japanese Version)

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(Table of contents)

By Areha Kazuya

E-mail: areha_kazuya@jcom.home.ne.jp

Chapter 2 Global wave – The end of colonial era and the emerging two super powers

2-6(20)　Establishment of PLO

Egypt gained a political victory by the Suez War in 1956 letting the international community recognize the nationalization of the Suez Canal. But in the military sense, the war itself was definitely a defeat. As a result, Egyptian President Nasser was honored as an Arab hero, but the people called "Palestinians" fell into the whirlpool of history. They continued to live in Palestine or emigrated to neighboring countries like Jordan.

 Palestine is the geophysical name of the east coast of southern Syria. There lived an ethnic group of Semuroids from ancient times, but the oldest tribe to appear in history was the Jewish people speaking Hebrew. They called Palestine the land where Israel promised to them. Israel is another name of Jacob, grandson of Abraham, who was the ancestor of Judea.

But, of course, Jews was not only one tribe who lived there. Majority of the inhabitants were Arabs. In AD century, Palestine was dominated by the Roman Empire. Palestine had been ruled under the Christianity. And when Islam appeared in the 7th century, Palestine became the Arab Muslim world, and thereafter a peaceful period had been continued dominating by Islam for 1300 years. Of course, there were many small conflicts from time to time in the region. And It could not be denied that there was a harsh pressure by Islamic dynasties such as the Ottoman Empire. It was similar in Europe and Asia. But there was no doubt that Palestine was a very peaceful region compared to Europe and other Asian regions. Palestinian people have enjoyed peaceful lives.

It was the European Jews who had broken that peace by means of the homeland construction movement at the beginning of the 20th century. Lord Rothschild and other rich Jews supported the poor brothers who flew into Palestine. They oppressed the indigenous Arab-Muslims. The Jews justified the Palestinian settlements with a political slogan saying "Landless people to people defunct land". But it was clear to everyone that Palestine was not the people defunct land.

Ultimately many Arabs in Palestine left their homeland and moved to neighboring Arab countries as refugees. The first Middle East war, so-called Israel Independence War, accelerated the movement. About 700,000 Arabic Palestinians were kicked out of their homeland. Both Arabs who remained in Palestine or left their homeland were called "Palestinian people" since then. There was no consciousness to themselves as "Palestinians". They had to think themselves as Arabs in Palestine because they had been living in Palestine over several generations. After World War II, the nation state became common and people were categorized where they lived. The Arabs who had been living in Palestine were defined as Palestinians.

The Palestinians believe that their Arab fellows would regain their homeland someday. They endured under the Israel Independence War in 1948 and the Suez war in 1956. However, they were betrayed by the politicians of the Arab countries who boasted to crush Israel in the Israel Independence War. And in the Suez War, Palestinians fully realized the difference of armament between the Egyptian army and the Israeli army in addition to their fighting ability. After all, in the Israeli Independence War, the Arab Allied Forces were only the incapable crowd, and in the Suez War, only Nasser who won the nationalization of the Suez Canal became a hero. In the hearts of the Palestinians there was only a helpless feeling that even if the Arab allies were into one bundle, Arabs could not defeat Israel. It was exactly "Thousands must die to make one hero". The Palestinian people were disappointed in their Arab fellows.

The only way left to the Palestinians was to stand up on their own. In 1964 they formed the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) aimed at self-determination of the people of the Palestinians and the return of the discrete Palestinians.

(To be continued ----)